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精選寫作用字 - 字源解析9

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❃ 精選寫作用字 - 字源解析9 

 

英文的字根如同中文的部首一樣,掌握該字最核心的語義。若能多認識不同的字根,單字學習就能開啟群組語義記憶的通道,達到事半功倍的成效。單字量成長,不僅對於托福閱讀與聽力的題意理解大有幫助,在口說與寫作時也能多加運用優美字詞,讓人信手拈來就能出口成章、妙筆生花。

精選寫作用字 (字源解析) 
 

1. pel, puls = drive, push, 表示“驅動,推”

     拉丁文pellere, pulsus

compel  v 強迫(com一起+pel推→一起推→強迫) /  compulsion  n

The law will compel employers to provide health insurance.

 

compulsory  a 強制性的(com+puls+ory)

Military service is compulsory in many countries.


compelling  a 強制性的,令人信服的,引人注目的(compel+l+ing)

The court was presented with compelling evidence that he'd murdered his neighbor.


expel  v 開除,驅逐(ex出+pel→推出→開除) /  expulsion  n

He was expelled from his native country.


impel  v 驅使,推進(im內+pel→由內推展→驅使)

The lack of democracy and equality impelled the oppressed to fight for freedom.

 

dispel  v 驅散(煙霧等)(dis分開+pel→推開→驅散)

His cheerful laughter dispelled her worries.


propel  v 推進(pro 向前+pel→向前推→推進) /  propulsion  n

propeller  n 推進器,螺旋槳

The film propelled her to stardom overnight.


repel  v 擊退(敵人),使…反感(re反+pel→推回去→擊退)

Particles with similar electric charges repel each other.

 

repulse  n v 打退,擊退(re 反+pulse)

Government troops repulsed an attack by rebel forces.

 

repulsive  a 排斥的,令人厭惡的

His brutal behavior was repulsive.

 

pulse  n 脈搏

His breathing was shallow and his pulse was weak.


pulsate  v(脈)搏動(puls脈搏+ate)

The whole city seemed to pulsate with excitement.


impulse  n 衝動,刺激(im內+pulse→由內推展→衝動)

He felt an irresistible impulse to cry out at the sight.

  
impulsive  a 衝動的(impulse+ive)

In a burst of impulsive generosity, I offered to pay.
 

 

2. ject = throw, cast, 表示“投擲,扔,丟”
     拉丁文jacere

abject  a 可憐的,悲慘的(ab向下+ject+→被人向下扔→悲慘的)

With great efforts, people in abject poverty can still go from rags to riches.


deject  v 使沮喪(de向下+ject→情緒向下扔→沮喪) 

dejected  a 情緒低落的

Peter was dejected, his confidence in tatters.

eject  v 噴出,退出(e出+ject→扔出) /  ejection  n

The pilot ejected from the plane and escaped injury.


inject  v 注射(in進+ject→扔進去→注射)

The technique consists of injecting healthy cells into the weakened muscles.

 

reject  v 拒絕,駁回(re回+ject→扔回來→拒絕) /  rejection  n 

It was feared his body was rejecting a kidney he received in a transplant four years ago.

 

project  v 投射 n 計劃(pro向前+ject→向前扔→投射) /  projection  n

I hope the team will project a smart, professional image .

 

subject  n 主題 a 易遭受到(+to N)(sub在…下面+ject→扔下去討論→主題)

This contentious subject has aroused a heated debate among the public.

The prices are subject to change.

 

subjective  a 主觀的  /  subjectivity  n 主觀性

The grading for speaking and writing tests can be highly subjective.

 

object  n 物體 v 反對(ob反+ject→反著扔→反對)

objection  n 反對(object 反對+ion)

The main objection to the hereditary principle is that such peers are not elected.


objective  a 客觀的  n目標

A case should be judged with objective evidence.

The main objective of this campaign was to enhance the public awareness about 

environmental conservation.

 

conjecture  n v推測,猜想(con一起+ject+ure→大家一起丟出想法→推測)

There has been some conjecture about a possible merger.


trajectory  n 彈道,軌道(tra穿過+ject+ory→扔進去→彈道)

The missile deflected from its trajectory.

 

  

3. lev, live = raise, lighten, 表示“提升,舉起,變輕”

    拉丁文levare

elevate  v 舉起,升高(e出+lev+ate→舉出→升高)

elevator  n 電梯,升降機(elevate+or)

Technological advances have greatly elevated our living standards.

relieve  v 減輕,解除(re再+lieve→一再變輕→減輕) /  relief  n 

Mother Teresa devoted her whole life to relieving the distressed.

 

alleviate  v 減輕,緩和(al一再+levi+ate→不斷變輕→減輕)

A cold compress often alleviates pain.

 

relevant  a 相關的,切題的(re再+lev+ant→值得一再提起→相關的)

irrelevant  a 不相關的,不切題的(ir不+relevant)

Relevant documents were presented in court.


lever  n 槓杆,手段(lev+er→舉起重物的東西→槓杆)

leverage  n 槓杆作用,影響力(lever+age 狀態,作用)

Rich countries use foreign aid as a lever to achieve political aims.


levity  n 輕浮(lev+ity)

Words of levity are unseemly on this formal occasion.


levy  n v 課稅(lev+y→提升收入→課稅)

A direct food tax was levied by the local government.