海獺是托福聽說讀寫都很常出現的動物,除了可愛之外,海獺對於環境可是有重要功能。
2022年5月的托福考試中有一篇閱讀主題就是海獺。
內容與 TPO 46中提到的這段訊息相近:
“A good illustration of this occurred after sea otters were eliminated from some Pacific kelp (seaweed) bed ecosystems: the kelp beds were practically obliterated too because in the absence of sea otter predation, sea urchin populations exploded and consumed most of the kelp and other macroalgae.”
海獺柔軟又保暖的毛(fur) 受到人類的喜愛,海獺因而受到濫捕。海獺最喜歡吃海膽,海獺少了,海膽(sea urchin)就多了。海膽一多,大型褐藻(kelp)數目就會驟減,進而影響到生態系統。
TPO 10 整合寫作亦討論三種造成海獺數量減少的原因。
從這張National Geographic 的圖片,可以大致理解 sea otters, sea urchins and kelp forests 之間的關係。