精選寫作用字 (字源解析)
1. pos, posit = put, 表示“放”
拉丁文ponere
pose v 做姿勢,造成,提出(問題)
This new taxation policy will pose a threat to the real estate industry.
compose v 組成,作曲,使鎮定(com一起+pose→放在一起→組成)
Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
composition n 組合,作文(compose+tion→[文字]放在一起組合→作文)
A theory is a logical composition of interrelated facts.
composure n 鎮靜,沉著(compose+ure→[精神]放在一起→鎮靜)
He wondered at her composure in such a crisis.
depose v 罷免(de去掉+pose 放,職位→去掉職位→罷免) / deposition n
The king was deposed and his army disbanded.
deposit v 存款,沉澱 n 礦藏,沉澱(de下面+posit→放在下面→沉澱)deposition n
The phosphate was deposited by the decay of marine microorganisms.
dispose v 處理,排列(dis分開→pose→分開[排好]→排列)
An incinerator was built to dispose of toxic waste.
disposition n 安排,性情
She always confronts difficulties with a sanguine disposition.
expose v 暴露,揭露(ex出+pose→放出來→暴露) / exposure n
exposition n 解說,展覽
The report revealed that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.
impose v 施加,課稅(im 進+pose→放進去→施加) / imposition n
The court can impose a fine or a prison sentence.
juxtapose v 並列,並置(juxta並排+pose→並排放)
This room shows a style of decor that juxtaposes antiques with modern furniture.
oppose v 反對(op反+pos→放相反→反對) / opposition n
opposite a 相反的
Idealism is opposite to / from materialism.
repose n v 休息,睡眠(re再+pose→再放下[工作]→休息)
The village reposed in the dusk.
transpose v 互換位置(trans轉移+pose→轉移放置)
Many people inadvertently transpose digits of the ZIP code.
propose v建議,提議(pro向前+pose→向前放→提議) / proposal n
The plans were proposed but not seconded.
purpose n 目的,意圖(pur始終+pose→始終放著的東西→目的)
Troops were sent solely for / with the purpose of assisting refugees.
position n 位置,立場,職位 v 定位(posit+ion→放的地方→位置)
The company's precarious financial position is a warning to potential investors.
suppose v 推測,猜想(sup在下面+pose→放在心底→推測)/ supposition n
The castle is supposed to be haunted.
2. tain, ten, tin = hold, 表示“拿住”
attain v 獲得,達成(at加強語氣+tain→拿住了→獲得)/ attainment n
attainable a 可達到的(attain+able)
He attained his ambition of becoming a pilot.
contain v 包含,抑制(con全部+tain→全部拿住→包含)
The pamphlet contains tourist information and a list of inns.
Doctors are struggling to contain the epidemic.
entertain v 招待,娛樂(enter進入+tain→接客人進入→招待)
entertainment n
A museum should aim to entertain as well as educate.
detain v 阻攔,拘留(de向下+tain→拿下→拘留)/ detention n
Two suspects have been detained by the police for questioning .
maintain v 維持,堅持(main[=man手]+tain→用手拿住→維持)
maintenance n
The hotel prides itself on maintaining high standards.
pertain v 屬於,有關(per始終+tain→始終拿著→屬於)
pertinent a 相關的,恰當的 / impertinent a 不相關的,無禮的
There is an urgent need for legislation pertaining to employment rights.
The last point is particularly pertinent to today's discussion.
obtain v 獲得,達到(ob加強動作+tain→拿到→獲得)
You will need to obtain permission from your superior.
retain v 維持,保留(re回+tain→拿回來→保留)/ retention n
As a matter of fact, china dishes retain heat longer than metal ones do.
sustain v 支撐,扶養(sus下面+tain→在下面拿住→支撐)
sustenance n 支撐,糧食
These columns sustain the arches.
Potatoes were their only means of sustenance.
tenable a (論點,主張) 站得住腳的(ten+able→能拿住的)
untenable a 薄弱的
This theory is untenable and susceptible to criticism.
tenacious a 固執的,堅持的(ten+acious多….的→拿住不放→固執的)/ tenacity n
He is a tenacious advocate of civil rights and freedom of speech.
tenure n 在職期間,佔有權,終身職(ten+ure→拿住狀態→佔有權)
It's becoming increasingly difficult to acquire academic tenure .
content n 內容 a 滿足的(con全部+tent→全部拿的東西→內容)
contentment n 滿足
discontent a 不滿的(dis不+content→不滿足的)
His speech was brimming with flowery rhetoric yet meager in content.
abstain v 戒除,節制(abs離開+tin+ence→離開不再拿住→戒除)
abstinence n
The doctor advised the patient to abstain from alcohol and smoking.