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精選寫作用字 - 字源解析10

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❃ 精選寫作用字 - 字源解析10 

 

英文的字根如同中文的部首一樣,掌握該字最核心的語義。若能多認識不同的字根,單字學習就能開啟群組語義記憶的通道,達到事半功倍的成效。單字量成長,不僅對於托福閱讀與聽力的題意理解大有幫助,在口說與寫作時也能多加運用優美字詞,讓人信手拈來就能出口成章、妙筆生花。

精選寫作用字 (字源解析) 
 

1. pos, posit = put, 表示“放”

    拉丁文ponere

pose  v 做姿勢,造成,提出(問題)

This new taxation policy will pose a threat to the real estate industry.


compose  v 組成,作曲,使鎮定(com一起+pose→放在一起→組成)

Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.

 

composition  n 組合,作文(compose+tion→[文字]放在一起組合→作文)

A theory is a logical composition of interrelated facts.

 

composure  n 鎮靜,沉著(compose+ure→[精神]放在一起→鎮靜)

He wondered at her composure in such a crisis.


depose  v 罷免(de去掉+pose 放,職位→去掉職位→罷免) / deposition  n

The king was deposed and his army disbanded.


deposit  v 存款,沉澱 n 礦藏,沉澱(de下面+posit→放在下面→沉澱)deposition  n

The phosphate was deposited by the decay of marine microorganisms.
 

dispose  v 處理,排列(dis分開→pose→分開[排好]→排列)

An incinerator was built to dispose of toxic waste.

 

disposition  n 安排,性情

She always confronts difficulties with a sanguine disposition.

expose  v 暴露,揭露(ex出+pose→放出來→暴露) /  exposure  n

exposition  n 解說,展覽

The report revealed that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.


impose  v 施加,課稅(im 進+pose→放進去→施加) /  imposition  n

The court can impose a fine or a prison sentence.


juxtapose  v 並列,並置(juxta並排+pose→並排放)

This room shows a style of decor that juxtaposes antiques with modern furniture.

oppose  v 反對(op反+pos→放相反→反對) /  opposition  n
opposite  a 相反的

Idealism is opposite to / from materialism.


repose  n v 休息,睡眠(re再+pose→再放下[工作]→休息)

The village reposed in the dusk.


transpose  v 互換位置(trans轉移+pose→轉移放置)

Many people inadvertently transpose digits of the ZIP code.

 

propose  v建議,提議(pro向前+pose→向前放→提議) /  proposal  n 

The plans were proposed but not seconded.


purpose  n 目的,意圖(pur始終+pose→始終放著的東西→目的)

Troops were sent solely for / with the purpose of assisting refugees.


position  n 位置,立場,職位 v 定位(posit+ion→放的地方→位置)

The company's precarious financial position is a warning to potential investors.


suppose  v 推測,猜想(sup在下面+pose→放在心底→推測)/ supposition  n

The castle is supposed to be haunted. 

 

2. tain, ten, tin = hold, 表示“拿住”

attain  v 獲得,達成(at加強語氣+tain→拿住了→獲得)/ attainment  n
attainable  a 可達到的(attain+able)

He attained his ambition of becoming a pilot.


contain  v 包含,抑制(con全部+tain→全部拿住→包含)

The pamphlet contains tourist information and a list of inns.

Doctors are struggling to contain the epidemic.


entertain  v 招待,娛樂(enter進入+tain→接客人進入→招待)

entertainment  n
A museum should aim to entertain as well as educate.


detain  v 阻攔,拘留(de向下+tain→拿下→拘留)/ detention  n

Two suspects have been detained by the police for questioning .


maintain  v 維持,堅持(main[=man手]+tain→用手拿住→維持)

maintenance  n

The hotel prides itself on maintaining high standards.

  
pertain  v 屬於,有關(per始終+tain→始終拿著→屬於)

pertinent  a 相關的,恰當的  /  impertinent  a 不相關的,無禮的

There is an urgent need for legislation pertaining to employment rights.

The last point is particularly pertinent to today's discussion.


obtain  v 獲得,達到(ob加強動作+tain→拿到→獲得)

You will need to obtain permission from your superior.


retain  v 維持,保留(re回+tain→拿回來→保留)/ retention  n

As a matter of fact, china dishes retain heat longer than metal ones do.


sustain  v 支撐,扶養(sus下面+tain→在下面拿住→支撐)
sustenance  n 支撐,糧食

These columns sustain the arches.

Potatoes were their only means of sustenance.


tenable  a  (論點,主張) 站得住腳的(ten+able→能拿住的)

untenable  a 薄弱的

This theory is untenable and susceptible to criticism.


tenacious  a 固執的,堅持的(ten+acious多….的→拿住不放→固執的)/ tenacity  n

He is a tenacious advocate of civil rights and freedom of speech.


tenure  n 在職期間,佔有權,終身職(ten+ure→拿住狀態→佔有權)

It's becoming increasingly difficult to acquire academic tenure .


content  n 內容 a 滿足的(con全部+tent→全部拿的東西→內容)

contentment  n 滿足

discontent  a 不滿的(dis不+content→不滿足的)

His speech was brimming with flowery rhetoric yet meager in content.

 

abstain  v 戒除,節制(abs離開+tin+ence→離開不再拿住→戒除) 

abstinence  n

The doctor advised the patient to abstain from alcohol and smoking.