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精選寫作用字 - 字源解析11

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❃ 精選寫作用字 - 字源解析11 

 

英文的字根如同中文的部首一樣,掌握該字最核心的語義。若能多認識不同的字根,單字學習就能開啟群組語義記憶的通道,達到事半功倍的成效。單字量成長,不僅對於托福閱讀與聽力的題意理解大有幫助,在口說與寫作時也能多加運用優美字詞,讓人信手拈來就能出口成章、妙筆生花。

精選寫作用字 (字源解析) 
 

1. pon, pound = put, 表示“放置”

    拉丁文ponere
component  n 成分,零件 a 組成的(com一起+pon+ent→放在一起→成分)

Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.


opponent  n 對手 a 對立的(op反+pon+ent→反著放→對立的)

He is a formidable opponent in debate.


propound  v 提出,提議(pro向前+pound→向前放→提出)

proponent  n 提議者,倡導者

The theory of natural selection was first propounded by Charles Darwin.

 

expound  v 詳細說明(ex出+pound→把[內容]說出來→詳細說明)

exponent  n 說明者

She's always expounding on the latest dogmas of feminism.


compound  n 化合物(com全部+pound 放→全部放到一起→化合物)

Sulphur dioxide is a compound of sulphur and oxygen.

 

postpone  v 延遲(post後+pone→向後放→延遲)

A rise in price will make people postpone expenditure.

 

2. scend, scent = climb, 表示“爬,攀”

    拉丁文scandere
ascend  v 登上,爬上(a 向上+scend) /  ascent  n

The road ascends steeply from the harbor.


descend  v 下降,傳下(de向下+scend→向下爬) /  descent  n 

After 1970s, a continuous descent of birth rate is evident in many developed countries.

descendant  n 子孫,後代(descend+ant人→在族譜裡往下的人→後代)

Quechua is a descendant of the Inca language.


condescend  v 屈尊降貴,故作施惠(con全部+descend→全身爬行→屈尊) 

condescending  a 高高在上的  /  condescension  n 

All the colleagues are fed up with his condescending attitude.

 


transcend  v 超越,勝過(trans超過+scend→爬過去→超越)

transcendence  n

The genius of Shakespeare transcends that of all other English poets.
 

 

3. scrib, script = write, 表示“寫”

    拉丁文scribere
describe  v 敘述,描寫(de向下+scribe→寫下→敘述)/ description  n

Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene.

 

inscribe  v 銘刻,刻字(in進去+scribe→刻寫進去→刻字)/ inscription  n 

His mother's words were inscribed in his mind.

 

prescribe  v 開藥方,規定(pre預先+scribe→預先寫好[藥方、規定])/ prescription  n 

The law prescribes how to punish this crime.


subscribe  v 簽名,同意,訂閱,捐款(sub在下面+scribe→下面寫字→簽名)
subscriber  n 訂戶,捐助人(subscribe+er)

He subscribed 10,000 dollars to the earthquake relief fund.


transcribe  v 抄寫,謄寫(trans橫越+scribe→寫過去→謄寫)

transcript  n 副本,成績單

The minutes of their meeting were fully transcribed in the report.


ascribe  v 把…歸因於(a去+scribe→把…寫過去→歸因於)/ ascribable  a 

The report ascribes the rise in childhood asthma to the increase in air pollution.

 

circumscribe  v 畫界線,限制(circum周圍+scribe→畫上一圈→限定)

The President's power is circumscribed by Congress and the Supreme Court.


conscribe  v 徵募,招募(con一起+scribe→大家寫上[名字]→徵兵)/ conscription  n

All adult males will be liable for conscription.


manuscript  n 手稿,原稿(manu手+script)

Unfortunately, parts of the original manuscript have been lost.


postscript  n (信件等)後記,附註(縮寫P.S.)(post後+script→寫在後面→附註)

She mentioned in a postscript to her letter that the parcel had arrived.

 

scribble  v 潦草書寫,塗鴉(scrib+ble→寫→亂寫)

He hastily scribbled down a few notes in the margin.

 

script  n 腳本,底稿

This film script is weak in its plot but strong in characters.


scripture  n 經文(script+ure→寫出的[宗教作品])

The great demands for Buddhist scripture from home and abroad also led to the 

invention and wide-use of printing.