一、 指代關係題一般分為兩類：代名詞指代題和詞彙指代題。 
1. 代名詞指代題： 
對於代詞指代題, 既然是指示代名詞, 那原文句中前面必然有出現名詞, 此時則利用 “ 就近原則法” 來解題：首先閱讀整個句子, 就其代詞所在之位置, 往前句追溯線索, 並在其周圍尋找與它意思接近之替代詞彙或者短語。 
而對於若出現有主從複合句(主要子句/ 從屬子句構成之複合句), 採用” 後指代前法”。 一般來說, 從屬子句之代詞主語則必是指代主句之名詞主語, 意指主詞對應主詞; 受詞則對應受詞。 
Ex. 
      Very often such statues were enclosed in rectangular shrines or wall niches whose only opening was at the front, making it natural for the statue to display frontality.  Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, in front of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.

The word “ they “ in the passage refers to
◯ statues 
◯ gateways  
◯ temples 
◯ pillared courts
代名詞 they置放於 where 之關係子句中, 顯然, they 乃指前句之名詞, 往前追溯, 找尋出對應名詞為 statues 。

Ex.
      From early times pots were used in both religious and secular contexts.  The imperial court commissioned work and in the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1279-1368) an imperial ceramic factory was established at Jingdezhen.  Pots played an important part in some religious ceremonies.  Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pots, although these sometimes confuse an already large and complicated picture.

The word “ these “ in the passage refers to 
◯ religious ceremonies
◯ descriptions 
◯ types of ware
◯ pots
these 置放於 although 當連接詞所形成之複合句, 後句although引導之副詞子句, these 當主詞, 因此對應前句主要子句, 應亦須找尋其主詞, 對應句主詞為long and often lyrical descriptions 找出答案為 descriptions。 

2. 詞彙指代題： 
此種類型題主要是指所考察之指代詞語為詞彙或者短語, 而非指代名詞。 
例如：代詞指代題的常問方式為： The word “they, it, some ...” refer to … 
詞彙指代題的常問方式為: The word “ …. ” refer to … , 其中, 該詢問內容字為詞彙為詞彙或者短語。 
其解題技巧與代詞指代題解題技巧相同, 利用” 就近原則” 與“ 後指代前”法。 

Ex.
      The orderly nature of our solar system leads most astronomers to conclude that the planets formed at essentially the same time and from the same material as the Sun.  It is hypothesized that the primordial cloud of dust and gas from which all the planets are thought to have condensed had a composition somewhat similar to that of Jupiter.  However, unlike Jupiter, the terrestrial planets today are nearly void of light gases and ices.  The explanation may be that the terrestrial planets were once much larger and richer in these materials but eventually lost them because of these bodies' relative closeness to the Sun, which meant that their temperatures were relatively high.

In calling the cloud of gas and dust from which the Sun and all the planets are thought to have condensed “primordial,” the author means that the cloud was 
◯ immense in size 
◯ composed of similar particles 
◯ present at the very beginning of our solar system's formation
◯ created from a great variety of different materials
根據primordial 回原文定位, 該句構內容敘述一般假設此種由 dust 與gas 之primordial 的雲形成於當所有行星凝結時此狀況某些程度類似Jupiter , 該句子後面銜接 however, 不像Jupiter , 現今類地行星幾乎缺乏輕的氣體與冰, 既然為對立相反句, 意味著後接 today, 前者則推斷 primordial  則為過去, 意指為原始。 

二、解答指代關係題之三大步驟原則： 
1. 閱讀題幹, 判斷其指代類型 
2. 搜索題幹主線索回原文定位答案範圍 
3. 採用排除法, 確定答案。 
總之, 正確理解原文是解決此類型題之關鍵, 再依照這三個步驟, 利用就近原則和後指代前的技巧進行解答。